Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel Essays - 1498 Words

Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel What is Hydrogen? The simplest and lightest fuel is hydrogen gas (H2). Hydrogen is in a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Hydrogen is being explored for use in combustion engines and fuel cell electric vehicles. On a volumetric basis, the energy density of hydrogen is very low under ambient conditions. This presents greater transportation and storage hurdles than for liquid fuels. Storage systems being developed include compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, and physical or chemical bonding between hydrogen and a storage material (for example, metal hydrides).The ability to create hydrogen from a variety of resources and its†¦show more content†¦Hydrogen burns in air at concentrations in the range of 4 to 75 percent by volume (methane burns at 5.3 to 15 percent concentrations by volume). The highest burning temperature of hydrogen is 2,318 degrees Celsius and is reached at 29-percent concentration by volume in air. Hydrogen Benefits Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse gases are thought to be responsible for changes in global climate. They trap excess heat from the suns infrared radiation that would otherwise escape into space, much like a greenhouse is used to trap heat. When we drive our cars, and light, heat, and cool our homes, we generate greenhouse gases. But if we used hydrogen in very high efficiency fuel cells for our transportation and to generate power, we could significantly reduce the GHG emissions - especially if the hydrogen is produced using renewable resources, nuclear power, or clean fossil technologies. Reduce Air Pollution The combustion of fossil fuels by electric power plants, vehicles, and other sources is responsible for most of the smog and harmful particulates in the air. Fuel cells powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful pollutants. Fuel cells that use a reformer to convert fuels such as natural gas, methanol, or gasoline to hydrogen do emit small amounts of airShow MoreRelatedHydrogen as an Alternative Fuel Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesindependence. The United States imports most of its petroleum from foreign nations which could pose problems in the future. This is why Alternative fuels such as hydrogen should be extensively researched. The motor transportation industry should invest in extensive research and development in hydrogen fuel to help the fuel economy create stronger national energy security, make fuel more efficient and renewable, and more environment friendly. With the high rates of oil consumption in today’s society, manyRead MoreHydrogen And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagesother countries. The usage of fossil fuel is releasing a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the environment, and with the huge amount of consumption there will be a huge amount of carbon dioxide released into the environment. Also, most of the petroleum is located in countries that have political tension, which can affect the supply of petroleum. To avoid this problem, we might consider different kinds of alternative fuels that can be used for vehicles. Hydrogen is considered to be one of the mostRead MoreHydrogen as an Option for Fuel857 Words   |  3 Pagesescalating and fossil fuels becoming limited, scientists have been researching an alternative fuel source that will be more abundant and cost efficient. Issues with our current fuel source include the pollution that is emitted in our air and water sources and the fact that f ossil fuels are becoming scarce. One alternative to gasoline is the use of hydrogen as a fuel source. With hydrogen as a fuel source pollution will be in decline, it has become increasingly more abundant than fossil fuels through extractingRead MoreHydrogen As An Alternative Source Of Energy1190 Words   |  5 PagesKhaled AlGhunaim NASC 130 Professor Gartner November 16, 2015 Hydrogen As An Alternative Source Of Energy The contemporary industrial sector has been built on the capacity created by energy. The bulk of human activities from survival to economy rely on the use of energy. Indeed, widespread access to energy has a significant influence on the level of achievement a particular jurisdiction achieves (Johnstone, Mayo and Khare 572). Access to energy sources determines the quality and course of life undertakenRead MoreAlternative Fuels: Cars Can Exhale Water.1516 Words   |  6 Pages Today cars burn off gasoline (or diesel) that gives off harmful chemicals, but tomorrow vehicles may be running off of alternative resources. Scientist and engineers across the globe are furthering studies to make alternative fuels a thing of tomorrow. Some such alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, propane, and natural gas. All of which have some promising pros. Not only are those chemicals emitted buy vehicles harmful to humans, but they are also hurting the environmentRead MoreHistory of Chemistry: Hydrogen as an Alternative Use of Energy757 Words   |  4 Pagesto be talking, about how the element hydrogen when chemically broken down can produce enough power to run things like, cars, planes, helicopter, etc†¦ which is chemistry in technology. Right now most everyone is very heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels and the search for alternative fuel sources are starting to pick up. One of the leading sources of fuel being tested is the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel. One of the disadvantages is that hydrogen is only found in a handful of locationsRead MoreThe Power of Water Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesand the general rise of cost of fossil fuels alternatives have been explored. One of these is hydrogen power in the form of the hydrogen fuel cell. This source of power is unique because the only direct byproduct of it is water. With hydrogen power there are several ideas that need to be understood to determine if hydrogen power can significantly reduce or replace fossil fuels in homes and cars. First, how hydrogen is able to produce power as well as what a fuel cell is and how it works. Second, thereRead MoreUsing Alternative Fuels For Cars1481 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of alternate fuels for cars at our disposal, such as Ethanol, Natural Gas, Electricity, and Hydrogen Fuels. We can use these fuels instead of normal gasoline fuels that pollute our air and contribute to destroying our environment. Many of these alternative fuels may be less convenient to use, because they are less accessible. However, if people decide to use these fuels then they can make our world a green friendly world. There this a ton of upside to using alternative fuels, according to LarryRead MoreHydrogen: Is it worth it? Essay643 Words   |  3 PagesHydrogen, number one on the Periodic Table of elements, and the most common elemen t on our planet Earth. It may come as a surprise to many, or maybe not at all, that hydrogen could be used as a form of fuel for things such as trucks and cars. It is no new news that Hydrogen can be used as a fuel, since it has been on rockets as they are pushed out of orbit. Now all we have to do is figure out a way to be able to use it in our everyday lives. The good thing about Hydrogen is that it can be usedRead MoreOil Dependency Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagessalary in order for the American consumer to afford the alternative. This idea would be very tough to accomplish. My proposal is for politicians, who have the necessary power, to begin a national campaign on helping to increase research funds for alternative fuel sources. The national increase in research funds could greatly benefit this countries oil dependency. There are several companies that are in the process of developing alternative

A World Lit Only by Fire the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance Free Essays

In the first section of William Manchester’s A World Lit Only By Fire, we are taken into a world that is vastly different from our own, and we see a kind of attitude which is rarely seen today. Manchester stresses the fact that the peasants in the Dark Ages had no knowledge of what was happening in the rest of the world. In our age of twenty-four-hour news networks and instantaneous access to information from across the globe through the internet, it is hard to fathom that if we were still living in the Dark Ages most of us would be completely oblivious to the activities of the rest of the world outside of our small village. We will write a custom essay sample on A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manchester also points out that the common people in the Dark Ages had no conception of time. Most would not have known what century it was, let alone the specific date. For most peasants, time passed in a cycle of seasons, and they only needed to know the days of the week in order to know when it was the Sabbath. This is in stark contrast to the life of a modern man. We can know time down to the second. And we need to know time with greater precision. While the peasants of the Dark Ages needed only to recognize the passing of the seasons and when the Sabbath was, modern man often needs to know the time of day precisely. We are constantly on a schedule. School and work starts at a certain time, and we must be there on time. Another fascinating difference which Manchester points out is the fact that most of the peasants did not have surnames and were either referred to by their first name alone, or by a nickname. I found this very strange. Manchester does a good job of showing the differences between the modern mind and the medieval mind. Being aware of these differences allows the reader to appreciate the huge impact that the Renaissance had on Europe. Now in the next section of A World Lit Only by Fire, entitled â€Å"The Shattering,† Manchester shows us several events that â€Å"shattered† beliefs during the Renaissance. Most of these had something to do with the Church at the time because religion was one of the most important parts of Medieval and Renaissance life. The first event that shattered beliefs and changed life did not immediately cause a revolution but had a long-lasting impact on the future of Christianity. That event was the dissemination of the works of Erasmus. With his constant criticism of the Church and his calls for papal reform, he proved that one could criticize the church without being a radical revolutionary, for Erasmus was a devout Catholic. Before Erasmus, few had dared to criticize the Roman Church and those who did were not taken seriously. However, with his satires, Erasmus appealed to all classes of people and gave the people the encouragement to call for reform and criticize the Church. This may have influenced Martin Luther, even though he disliked Erasmus’ work, to nail his 95 Theses to the Castle Church door at Wittenberg. The fact that Erasmus was widely popular also contributed to the change in the thinking that anyone who criticized the church would be damned to hell. Even though Erasmus didn’t do anything as revolutionary as Martin Luther, his brilliant satires were able to change the mindset of Europeans and may have enabled, against his own wishes, the Protestant Reformation. The next event discussed by Manchester is the Reformation itself. Sparked by Martin Luther’s outrage at the sale of indulgences, this is the event that split Christianity in half. Those loyal to the existing Christian Church headed by the Pope became known as Roman Catholics, and those who were not loyal to that Church formed different Protestant Churches. Before the Reformation there was one authoritative representative of the word of God; i. e. , the Pope. Most Christian literature was in Latin, but since Latin was essentially a dead language, most people could not read or understand it, and this helped the Church maintain control of Christians of the age. Within this system, freedom of religious thought was extremely limited. Saying anything that contradicted the pope could get you labeled as a heretic and sentenced to jail, or even death. After the Reformation, several different Churches formed and as they formed, they warred with each other. The pope was no longer the supreme head of Christianity as he had been before the Reformation. Bibles where published in living languages. All kinds of opinions were published in pamphlets. One undesirable consequence of the Reformation was the different sects fighting with each other. Each different sect believed it represented the one true religion. Fighting between sects became common. Fighting between Catholics and Protestants was rife. Protestants burned Roman Catholic churches, smashing mosaics and statues, and even killing innocent women and clergy. The Roman Church started its notorious Inquisition, which was especially violent in Spain. Before the Reformation there was only one Christian Church so religious violence in Europe was rare, but after the Reformation religious violence and persecution became commonplace. The Reformation was a major turning point in the history of Christianity. Without it, America today would be a different country, since many settlers in early America came to escape religious persecution. Manchester’s section on the Reformation is therefore perhaps the most important section in the book. In the last section of A World Lit Only by Fire, entitled â€Å"One Man Alone,† Manchester writes about Ferdinand Magellan and his circumnavigation of the globe. In this section, Manchester takes time to go into extremely fine detail about Magellan’s voyage in order to explain what type of man Magellan was, and, more importantly, to show how big the odds were against his actually finishing his voyage. Manchester seems to idolize Magellan, in part because Magellan wasn’t seeking fame or wealth, but instead simply had a dream and was determined to make it a reality, something that I think most people can respect. How to cite A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance, Essay examples

tom clancy Essay Example For Students

tom clancy Essay If you ask people Have you heard of Tom Clancy? many just shake their head in bewilderment. But when you mention some of his novels, such as Red Storm Rising or Rainbow Six, they know if not for the novels then for the movies. There are many fictional books written to be enjoyed for their contents. However, the interest of the reader in the contents of a book is sometimes affected by the realism with which the plot is introduced. Tom Clancy is an author of many books concerning the military. He is one of the most outstanding authors for writing fictional novels to do with military. While the majority of authors chose to warn of nuclear and post nuclear holocaust, one significant author chose a different approach. Tom Clancy chose to write of conventional warfare and sometimes unconventional enemies. Between his novels Red Storm Rising, Debt of Honor and Rainbow Six. Tom Clancy makes evident the changing face of Americas enemies and threats, while staying true to issues that keep people interested in his books. Published in 1986, Red Storm Rising is Tom Clancys second novel dealing with the former Soviet Union as a potential enemy. This was a time when Americas finest tank and infantry units went on exercises in Germany fully armed with the expectation that the Russians could attack them at any time. This was also a time when the Soviets did the same exercises with the same amount of live ammunition. Therefore there was reason enough to worry about potential conflicts. Deep within the ocean waters, submarines played similar cat and mouse games with other submarines and surface ships. However some of these submarines were more dangerous then a whole army because they were fully loaded with nuclear missles. These facts were well know to the American public and made Red Storm Rising all the more real when it combined land and ocean warfare in a way that captivated millions of readers. The book begins as the Soviet Unions ability to provide their own oil is cut off by a terrorist attack. Right away it is noted that two very frightening events have just happened. Terrorism, for one, is a major scare tactic that can and does strike fear into millions. This was demonstrated by two suspected attacks in the U.S. recently (Bombing of Flight 800 and the Olympic Park bombing). Secondly, the threat of losing petroleum resources is enough to drive governments to drastic measures. This fact is evident in the worlds participation in the 1991 Gulf War. The leaders of the Soviet Union decided that the only way to prevent the total collapse of their economy and country was to seize the oil rich Middle East. They also realized that the countries that make up the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in particular the United States would not stand for this hostile action. Consequently the Soviets determine that it will be necessary to neutralize NATO conventionally; that is to say without nuclear weapons. Of course, throughout the Cold War the many themes of the U.S. S.R. attacking the U.S are presented by various authors. All of these had the same result: nuclear holocaust. One exception is that Red Storm Rising is the first to present it (theme of U.S.S. R. attacking the U.S.) in a non-nuclear scenario. This is very intriguing to examine the possibilities which include all the new technological weapons in the American and Soviet arsenals. Red Storm Rising captivates audiences with its techno-wizardry of smart bombs and satellite guided cruise missles. It was like an arcade game. Big, slow-moving blips denoted the aircraft. .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .postImageUrl , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:hover , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:visited , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:active { border:0!important; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:active , .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112 .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2872086823d84909f64f3c0a5db39112:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PUBLIC HEALTH AND ECONOMY Essay Smaller, quicker blips were the Mach-2 missiles (Clancy 178). This was seen by a radar operator who was under attack during Red Storm Rising. However it is not the high tech gadgets that appeal to audiences of Red Storm Rising. There is a personable feel as the reader becomes better acquainted with the characters and sympathizes for them and the decisions they make. This is not the story of machines run by artificial intelligence, these are real people, friends, and neighbors of the reader. Bob Toland was a middle-level analyst at the National Security Agency. Hed left the Navy after six years whey the adventure of uniformed service had palled, but he remained an active reservist. His work at NSA dovetailed nicely with his naval reserve service. A communications expert with a degree in electronics, his current job eas monitoring Sovien signals gathered by the NSAs numerous listening posts and ferret satellites. Along the way hed also gotten a masters in the Russian language (Clancy 55). The description of Bob Toland could apply to anyone in the Washington D.C. area or any neighborhood across the U.S. With the ending of world communism, reunification of Germany, and breakup of the Soviet Union, Tom Clancys books evolved to present more modern enemies and even several What if? situations. This is the case with his more recent novel Debt of Honor. This installment of the Jack Ryan saga, Clancys main character, was published in 1994. It takes place mostly on American soil with other parts in Japan and the Pacific Ocean. This piece of tecno-thiller centers around a possible trade war between the U.S. and Japan. This What if? outlook of Clancys was seen in real life in the spring of 1995 as a potential trade war with Japan was averted by quick thinking on the part of both governments. The novel is complete with Clancys usual well-timed and interesting plot structure. As one coincidental event leads to another, the antagonist of the story, Mr Yamata, realizes his chance to pay back the debt of honor he has to the U. S. Yamatas family was dishonored by committing suicide on the island of Saipan rather than being captured by the U.S. during World War II. This historical fact brings the plot to life as the reader tends to wonder when this will happen. The novel also highlights some very interesting political processes involving ambassadors and diplomats. It brings to light the amount of bargaining and give and take that is required to accomplish an agenda in international politics. This is illustrated by an American diplomat and a Japanese diplomat discuss an upcoming treaty. Your help will be invaluable, Chris, Nagumo said quietly, thinking more rapidly now. I can help you with interpreting our lawsquietly, of course, he added (Clancy 206). Debt of Honor also brings about the idea that several enemies might unite in order to achieve a common goal. The goal happens to be the defeat of the United States by engineering a computer related crash of the entire economic system of the U.S. This thought alone, of a computer crash, has scared many writers and businesspeople who depend on computers for work. The common computer crash has even reached home to touch children and adults alike when the computer ceases to perfom as expected and even freezes up. The particular crash that disables the economy is quite commonly called a virus. Viruses effect Americans almost everyday in ways they might not even recognize. One of the most publicized viruses is the Michelangelo Virus. This virus attacks any infected computer booted up on March 6, the birthday of 16th century painter Michelangelo. It is obvious how the threat of a virus keeps readers noses in Tom Clancys books. Terrorism has always been a heated issue in todays society and in the past as well, Clancy portrays a world dominated by terrorisms in the novel Rainbow Six. .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .postImageUrl , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:hover , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:visited , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:active { border:0!important; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:active , .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0 .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4d8e29ee69293a84a98bd70d786ff6d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Battle With Grendels Mother Essay Two teams of highly trained operatives work around the clock to prepare themselves for torrists situations. Weather it be a rural out lying area or well populated area they are ready, waiting, for the hammer to drop As the face of world politics change, it is evident that the works of Tom Clancy will change as well. From his beginnings with Red Storm Rising and his latest novel Debt of Honor, Clancy has kept abreast of current events and technologies in order to bring to the reader an intriguing and realistic story. He has interviewed admirals, generals and has even been to the White House to meet the President. His writing mechanics and techniques of reader manipulation keep readers filled with suspense and compassion for the characters until the books end. Even at that point, it leaves readers longing for more.